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Flavorant is used to impart a pleasant flavor and often odor to a preparation. In addition to the natural flavorants  listed, many synthetic ones are used.

Examples

Anise oil
Cinnamon oil
Cocoa

Encapsulating agent is used to form thin shells to enclose a drug for ease of administration.
Examples
• Gelatin

Emulsifying agent is used to promote and maintain dispersion of finely  subdivided particles of liquid in a vehicle in which it  is immiscible. End product may be a liquid emulsion  or semisolid emulsion (e.g., a cream).

Examples

Acacia
Cetomacrogol

Clarifying agent is used as a filtering aid for its adsorbent qualities.

Examples

Bentonite

Colorant is used to impart color to liquid and solid (e.g., tablets and capsules) preparations.

Examples

FD&C Red No. 3
FD&C Red No. 20
FD&C Yellow No. 6
FD&C Blue No. 2

Buffering agent is used to resist change in pH upon dilution or addition of acid or alkali.

Examples

Potassium metaphosphate
Potassium phosphate,monobasic
Sodium acetate

Chelating agent is substance that forms stable water-soluble complexes (chelates) with metals; used in some liquid pharmaceuticals as stabilizers to complex heavy metals that might promote instability. In such use, they are also called sequestering agents

Examples

Edetic acid

Antioxidants are used to prevent deterioration of preparations by oxidation

Examples

Ascorbic acid
Ascorbyl palmitate
Butylated hydroxyanisole
Butylated hydroxytoluene

Antimicrobial Preservative is used in liquid and semisolid preparations to prevent  growth of microorganisms

Examples

Benzalkonium chloride

Antifungal  preservative is used in liquid and semisolid preparations to prevent  growth of fungi. Effectiveness of parabens is usually  enhanced by use in combination

Examples

Butylparaben
Ethylparaben
Methylparaben
Benzoic acid

Air displacement agent is employed to displace air in a hermetically sealed container to enhance product stability

Examples          

Nitrogen
Carbon dioxide

Agent responsible for developing the pressure within an aerosol container and expelling the product when the valve is opened.

Examples

Carbon dioxide
Dichlorodifluoromethane

An adsorbent is an agent capable of holding other molecules onto its surface by physical or chemical (chemisorption) means.

Examples

Powdered cellulose
Activated charcoal

Alkalizing agent is used in liquid preparations to provide alkaline
medium for product stability….
Examples Ammonia solution, Ammonium carbonate, Diethanolamine, Monoethanolamine, Potassium hydroxide, Sodium bicarbonate