Classes
DEA Class; Rx
Common Brand Names;
- Sulfonamides
Description
Exerts bacteriostatic action through competitive antagonism with para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA). Microorganisms that require exogenous folic acid and do not synthesize folic acid are not susceptible to the action of sulfonamides
Indications
Indicated for
- Prophylaxis of Recurrent Rheumatic Fever
- Asymptomatic meningococcal
Other Indications & Uses
Burkholderia pseudomallei, Chlamydia trachomatis,Nocardia asteroides & brasiliensis, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Mycobacterium chelonae, Mycobacterium fortuitum
First Line:Mycobacterium smegmatis, Nocardia asteroides & brasiliensis
Contraindications
Should not be used for group A beta-hemolytic strep infections
Documented megaloblastic or folate deficiency anemia, obstructive uropathy
Adverse Effects
- Diarrhea (33%)
- Headache (33%)
- Reversible oligospermia (33%)
- Anorexia
- Gastric distress
- Nausea
- Photosensitivity
- Vomiting
- Allergic reactions-rash
- Aplastic anemia
- Dizziness
- Hypersensitivity
- Itching
- Thyroid fuction disturbance
- Franulocytopenia
- Thrombocytopenia
Warnings
Drink 250 mL water w/ each dose & frequently throughout day while taking sulfadiazine
Adverse Drug Reactions
Lyell’s syndrome, stevens Johnson syndrome, itching, rash, photosensitivity, thyroid function disturbance, anorexia, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, fever, headache, aplastic anemia, granulocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, hepatitis, jaundice, hematuria, acute nephropathy, intestinal nephritis
Pregnancy and Lactation
Pregnancy Category: C
Lactation: enters breast milk; risk of kernicterus if infant <2 mo
Maximum Dosage
Load
2-4 g PO
Maintenance
2-4 g/day divided 3-6x/day PO
Prophylaxis of Recurrent Rheumatic Fever
>30 kg: 1 g/day
<30 kg: 500 mg/day
How supplied
Sulfadiazine
tablet
- 500mg
