Classes
DEA Class; Rx
Common Brand Names; Septocaine, Zorcaine with Epinephrine, Orabloc
- Local Anesthetics, Amides;
- Local Anesthetics, Dental;
- Local Anesthetics, Parenteral
Description
Local anesthetics prevent generation/conduction of nerve impulses by reducing sodium permeability and increasing action potential threshold
Indications
Indicated in Local, Infiltrative, or Conductive Anesthesia in Dental Procedures
Contraindications
Hyperensitivity to amide-type local anesthetics, sulfites
Adverse Effects
- Facial edema
- Headache
- Pain
- Paresthesia
- Sleepiness
- Gingivitis
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Infection
Systemic absorption of significant concentrations of local anesthetic can produce myocardial depression, cardiac conduction changes, CNS excitation, convulsions, and cardiorespiratory arrest, facial paralysis, hemorrhage, hyperesthesia, methemoglobinemia
Warnings
Vasoconstrictor epinephrine, will promote local hemostasis, decrease systemic absorption, increase duration of action
Local anesthetics may produce cardiovascular effects when absorbed
Risk of methemoglobinemia and sudden respiratory arrest
CNS toxicity may occur; monitor state of consciousness, drowsiness, restlessness, anxiety, tinnitus, tremors, blurred vision following local injections of the anesthetic
Avoid IV use
Pregnancy and Lactation
Pregnancy Category: C
Lactation: excretion in milk unknown; use with caution
Maximum Dosage
Local, Infiltrative, or Conductive Anesthesia in Dental Procedures
Infiltration: 0.5-2.5 mL injection of 4% solution; 20-100 mg total dose
Nerve block: 0.5-3.4 mL injection of 4% solution; 20-136 mg total dose
Oral surgery: 1-5.1 mL injection of 4% solution; 40-204 mg total dose
Not to exceed 7 mg/kg (0.175 mL/kg
Pediatric
Local, Infiltrative, or Conductive Anesthesia in Dental Procedures
<4 years: Safey and efficacy not established
4-16 years: Use lower end of dose range; 0.76-5.65 mg/kg used safely in simple procedures; 0.37-7.48 mg/kg used safely in complex procedures
Not to exceed 7 mg/kg (0.175 mL/kg)
How supplied
Articaine/epinephrine
injectable solution
- 4% (40mg/mL)/1:100,000 (0.01mg/mL)
- 4% (40 mg/mL)/1:200,000 (0.005mg/mL)
