Classes
DEA Class; Rx
Common Brand Names; Ampi, Omnipen, Penglobe, Principen
- Penicillins, Amino
Description
Aminopenicillin similar to amoxicillin; not stable to beta-lactamases of either gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria; used commonly for obstetric infections, otitis media, sinusitis and other infections due to susceptible organisms; oral ampicillin exhibits lower bioavailability and higher incidence of GI effects than amoxicillin.
Indications
Indicated for the treatment of severe infections, including bacteremia.
For Endocarditis Prophylaxis (Off-label)
Dental, oral, or respiratory tract procedures
Genitourinary and gastrointestinal tract procedures
For the treatment of Endocarditis (Off-label)
For the treatment of Genitourinary Tract Infections (Excluding Gonorrhea)
For the treatment of Gastrointestinal Tract Infections
For the treatment of Urinary Tract Infection (ampicillin-susceptible Enterococcus; Off-label)
For the treatment of Gonorrhea, Respiratory Tract Infections
Indicated for Bacterial Meningitis/Septicemia, Group B Streptococcus (Off-label), Listeria Infection (Off-label).
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity
Adverse Effects
- Erythema multiforme
- Exfoliative dermatitis
- Rash
- Urticaria
- Fever
- Seizure
- Black hairy tongue
- Diarrhea
- Enterocolitis
- Glossitis
- Nausea
- Oral candidiasis
- Pseudomembranous colitis
- Stomatitis
- Vomiting
- Agranulocytosis
- Anemia
- Hemolytic anemia
- Eosinophilia
- Leukopenia
- Thrombocytopenia purpura
- Anaphylaxis
- Aspartate aminotransferase increased
- Interstitial nephritis
- Laryngeal stridor
- Serum sickness-like reaction
Warnings
Use caution in allergy to cephalosporins, carbapenems
Adjust dose in renal failure; evaluate rash and differentiate from hypersensitivity reaction
Endocarditis prophylaxis: Use only for high-risk patients, per AHA Guidelines
Prolonged use associated with fungal or bacterial superinfection
Rash has developed during therapy in high percentage of patients with infectious mononucleosis receiving ampicillin class antibiotics; avoid therapy in these patients
Pregnancy and Lactation
Pregnancy category: B
Lactation: Excreted in breast milk; use caution
Maximum Dosage
2 g/day PO. 200 mg/kg/day IV/IM per FDA-approved product labeling (Max: 12 g/day).
2 g/day PO. 200 mg/kg/day IV/IM per FDA-approved product labeling (Max: 12 g/day).
100 mg/kg/day PO (Max: 2 g/day); 200 mg/kg/day IV/IM per FDA-approved product labeling; however, doses up to 400 mg/kg/day IV (Max: 12 g/day) have been used off-label for serious infections.
100 mg/kg/day PO (Max: 2 g/day); 200 mg/kg/day IV/IM per FDA-approved product labeling; however, doses up to 400 mg/kg/day IV (Max: 12 g/day) have been used off-label for serious infections.
100 mg/kg/day PO; 200 mg/kg/day IV/IM per FDA-approved product labeling; however, doses up to 400 mg/kg/day IV have been used off-label for serious infections.
older than 7 days: 150 mg/kg/day IV/IM per FDA-approved product labeling; however, doses up to 300 mg/kg/day IV have been used off-label for serious infections.
0 to 7 days and older than 34 weeks gestation: 150 mg/kg/day IV/IM per FDA-approved product labeling; however, doses up to 300 mg/kg/day IV have been used off-label for serious infections.
0 to 7 days and 34 weeks gestation or younger: 100 mg/kg/day IV/IM per FDA-approved product labeling; however, doses up to 300 mg/kg/day IV have been used off-label for serious infections.
How supplied
Ampicillin
capsules
- 250mg
- 500mg
oral suspension
- 125mg/5mL
- 250mg/5mL
powder for injection
- 125mg
- 250mg
- 500mg
- 1g
- 2g
- 10g
